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Galle

SL/S/GHRB/M/17

Avondster VOC · GHL or the Site L in Galle Harbour

Access restricted
Period
Colonial - Dutch
Year sunk
1659
District
Galle
Depth
6.00–8.00 m
Vessel type
Wooden Sail, Bulk Carrier

Overview

The Avondster was originally a British ship, captured and modified by the Dutch. After a long life span of long-distance trans-oceanic voyages, it was assigned to short-haul coastal runs. The vessel was 30 meters long and constructed with two decks. The Avondster was wrecked on 2nd July 1659 while anchored in the Galle harbour. After the ship was discovered in 1993 the site was monitored; it became clear that the wreck was increasingly exposed through changes in the dynamics of the seabed, and it was considered important to implement a rescue archaeology project on the site to safeguard this important collection. From 2001 till the end of 2004 important sections of the ship have been excavated and conserved in-situ.

Excavation on the bow area - It was decided that the bow was to be the first area to be excavated. This area was well defined and the shape of the bow provided suitable conditions to train excavation techniques as part of the training for the Sri Lankan team. The excavation lasted over 7 weeks. The excavation and recording method was the use of a baseline from bow to galley with 2x1 meter excavation grids at set positions along this baseline. Because of the shallow water, the Water Dredge system was used to excavate. Just underneath the protective sand layers, a large number of coiled ropes was discovered. In addition, a collection of pulley blocks, wheels, deadeyes and cannonballs was found. The ropes and wooden parts appeared to be well preserved but in fact, were subject to damage. Further excavation was stopped at that point and the team brought the remaining artefacts to the surface after recording.

Excavation in the amidships area - This was the most important and successful excavation done on the Avondster. Beginning in March 2002, excavation was implemented in a 4m wide amidships trench. This continued through to April 2004, in conjunction with a number of other activities. An aluminium pole placed horizontally just in front of the galley was used as a control in measuring the depths of the layers, artefacts and the ship’s structure during this excavation. It was decided to carry out the excavation layer by layer, six in all, recording the depths and details of each.  After reaching and recording the bottom of the ship the trench was extended to the starboard side, to the area outside of the hull to find any evidence of artefact distribution. In the end, the trench was reburied.

Excavation on the stern section – After recording the stern section of the ship the excavation was carried out in November-December 2004. A 2m wide trench athwart the ships was established which ran approximately from the starboard to the port side. The initial plan was to excavate the trench following the structure of the wreck, but poor visibility and the risk of working on more complicated and undisturbed layers required the excavation be moved occasionally to a more trouble-free area We were not able to complete the excavation due to many reasons such as the lack of time and bad sea conditions. Also, it was the last fieldwork season of the project. Much rope, musket balls, wood planking and equipment were found. The team managed to get more information and have a correct idea about the construction of the ship.

 

In-situ Conservation – The in-situ protection of archaeological objects has become an important issue over the years. The main reason for this is the necessity to protect a representative part of our cultural heritage – our past - for future generations. At the beginning of the ‘Avondster’ project, the decision was made to safeguard the valuable archaeological information by leaving the wreck in situ. After a few experiments and attempts, a suitable solution was found and also a material to cover the wreck. It was a non-woven 100% polypropylene and 40-50% density net. Using stripes (25m x 4m) of this net, we lay them across the wreck from starboard to port side. They were placed on the wreck by using the sandbags and the edges of each net/strips were joined by the plastic wires (Ty-raps/ Cable ties) 07 strips of these plastic nets were placed from the bow to the stern area, covering approximately 22 meters of the wreck. After monitoring the site regularly we realized that the covering was very effective, as it gathered more sand onto the wreck and held it tightly. After one year only the parts of the galley was able to see. Also, it stood against the Tsunami (Dec. 2006) very well and protected the whole wreck and keeps it intact.

Conclusions - The excavation and the site work produced much information on the construction and the shape of the ship and the contemporary culture on-board. In the very bottom of the ship intact sections of construction timbers and artefacts were found among undisturbed contemporary sediments. As less than 30% of the Avondster site has been excavated, the site has the potential to answer future questions and reveal more information about this important phase in Sri Lankan and Dutch history.

Avondster 11 Oct 2008
Avondster Cannon 1 Jan 2004
Site plan 11 Aug 2004 © Maritime Archaeology Unit
remains of the wreck 22 Jun 2004 © Maritime Archaeology Unit
Site location 22 Jun 2004 © Maritime Archaeology Unit

Location

Exact location withheld to protect this protected site.

For heritage protection, precise coordinates are not published for this site. Only the general administrative area is shown.

Galle, Southern

Protection & status

Access
Yes
Legal status
Protected by Arch Act
Archaeological value
High
Physical protection
Yes - In-Situ
Degradation
Very Fragile
Owner terrain
Dept of Archaeology
Owner site
DoA
Authority
MAU-CCF & DoA
Threat
Deterioration

Vessel chronology

1659

Year sunk

1641 – 1659

Time period estimate

Artefacts

  • A/Ts/2005/GHL/49

    Chunk shell · Sea Shell

  • 1999/GHL/09

    container · Alloy

  • 1996/GHL/36

    Grinding Stone · Stone

  • 2002/GHL/160

    Beardman Jar · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL1

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL2

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL3

    Plate, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL4

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL5

    Unidentified · Iron?

  • 2004GHL6

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL7

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL8

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL9

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL10

    Plate, fragment · Stoneware; white fired

  • 2004GHL11

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL12

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL13

    Schist, piece · Schist

  • 2004GHL14

    Medicine jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL15

    Jar?, Fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL16

    Bowl?, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL17

    Unidentified · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL18

    Mercury jar or beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL19

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL20

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL21

    Coal, piece · Coal

  • 2004GHL22

    Nail, fragment · Copper?

  • 2004GHL23

    Nail, fragment · Copper

  • 2004GHL24

    Bottle?, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL25

    Unidentified ·

  • 2004GHL26

    Dish, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL27

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL28

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL29

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL30

    Sheet, fragment · Copper alloy

  • 2004GHL31

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL32

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL33

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL34

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL35

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL36

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL37

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL38

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL39

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL40

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL41

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL42

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL43

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL44

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL45

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL46

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL47

    Bowl, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL48

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL49

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL50

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL51

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL52

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL53

    Bowl, fragment · Stoneware?

  • 2004GHL54

    Bowl, fragment · Earthenware?; white fired

  • 2004GHL55

    Bowl, fragment? · Stoneware?; white fired

  • 2004GHL56

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL57

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL58

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL59

    Bottle, fragment · Glass

  • 2004GHL60

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL61

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL62

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL63

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL64

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL65

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL66

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL67

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL68

    Weight · Copper alloy

  • 2004GHL69

    Dish, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL70

    Bottle, fragment · Opaque glass

  • 2004GHL71

    Bottle, fragment? · Opaque glass

  • 2004GHL72

    Unidentified · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL73

    Storage jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL74

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL75

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL76

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL77

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL78

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL79

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL80

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL81

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL82

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL83

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL84

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL85

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL86

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL87a

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL87b

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL88a

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL88b

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL89

    Roof tile, fragment · Clay

  • 2004GHL90a

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90b

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90c

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90d

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90e

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90f

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90g

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90h

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL90i

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91a

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91b

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91c

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91d

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91e

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91f

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91g

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91h

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL91i

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL92

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL93a

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL93b

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL94a

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL94b

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL94c

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL94d

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL95

    Plate, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL96

    Sheet, fragment · Lead

  • 2004GHL97

    Chunk ·

  • 2004GHL98

    Unidentified · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL99

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL100

    Concretion ·

  • 2004GHL101

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL102

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL103

    Unidentified ·

  • 2004GHL104

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL105

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL106

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL107

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL108

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL109

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL110

    Dish, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL111

    Dish, fragment? · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL112a

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL112b

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL113

    Yellow brick, fragment · Clay

  • 2004GHL114

    Rope, fragment · Natural fiber

  • 2004GHL115

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL116

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL117

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL118

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL119

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL120

    Dish?, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL121a

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL121b

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL122

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL123

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL124

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL125

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL126a

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL126b

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL127

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL128

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL129

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL130a

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL130b

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL131

    Mercury jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL132

    Unidentified · Stoneware?

  • 2004GHL133

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL134

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL135

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL136

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL137

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL138

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL139

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL140

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL141

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL142

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL143

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL144

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL145

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL146

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL147

    Bottle, fragment · Glass

  • 2004GHL148

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL149

    Dish, fragment · Stoneware; white fired

  • 2004GHL150

    Unidentified · Blue glass

  • 2004GHL151

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL152

    Unidentified · Green glass

  • 2004GHL153

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL154

    Unidentified · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL155

    Rammer, part of · Wood and natural fiber

  • 2004GHL156

    Unidentified ·

  • 2004GHL157

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL158

    Unidentified ·

  • 2004GHL159

    Chineese tea cup?, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL160

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL161

    Storage jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL162

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL163

    Storage jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL164

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL165

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL166

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL167

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL168

    Bottle?, fragment · Glass

  • 2004GHL169

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL170

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL171

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL172

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL173

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware; white fired

  • 2004GHL174

    Medicine jar · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL175

    Cable, fragment · Natural fibre

  • 2004GHL176

    Storage jar, fragments · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL177

    Dish, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL178

    Musket balls · Lead

  • 2004GHL179

    Unidentified · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL180

    Unidentified · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL181

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL182

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL183

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL184

    Jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL185

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL186

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL187

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL188

    Unidentified · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL189

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain?

  • 2004GHL190

    Unidentified · Stoneware?

  • 2004GHL191

    Storage jar?, fargment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL192

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL193

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL194

    Smoking pipe, fragments · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL195

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL196

    High bowl?, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL197

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL198

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL199

    Unidentified · Stoneware; white fired

  • 2004GHL200

    Mercury jar?, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL201

    Pot?, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL202

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL203

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL204

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL205

    Smoking pipe · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL206

    Smoking pipe, fragments · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL207

    Bowl?, fragment · Stoneware; Celedon

  • 2004GHL208

    Bowl?, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL209

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL210

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL211

    Medicine jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL212

    Bowl?, fragment · Stoneware; white fired, celedon

  • 2004GHL213

    Unidentified, fragment · Stoneware (celedon?)

  • 2004GHL214

    Chinese cup, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL215

    Smoking pipe, fragments · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL216

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL217

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL218

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL219

    Jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL220

    Plate, fragment · Earthenware; white fired

  • 2004GHL221

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware

  • 2004GHL222

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL223

    Dish, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL224

    Bottle, fragment · Brown glass

  • 2004GHL225

    Wired musket ball, fragment · Lead

  • 2004GHL226

    Chinese cup, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL227

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL228

    Chunk shell ·

  • 2004GHL229

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL230

    Unidentified, fragment · Stoneware; brown fired

  • 2004GHL231

    Bowl?, fragment · Stoneware; red fired

  • 2004GHL232

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL233

    Pot / Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL234

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL235

    Jar?, Fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL236

    Plate, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL237

    Unidentified, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL238

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL239

    Chinese cup?, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL240

    Sheet, fragment · Copper alloy

  • 2004GHL241

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL242

    Dead eye with iron frame attached · Wood and Iron?

  • 2004GHL243

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL244

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL245

    Brick · Clay

  • 2004GHL246

    Dish, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL247

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL248

    Unidentified, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL249

    Jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL250

    Storage jar, fragment · Stoneware; red fired

  • 2004GHL251

    Storage jar, fragment · Stoneware; red fired

  • 2004GHL252

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL253

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL254

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL255

    Storage jar, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL256

    Medicine jar?, fragment · Earthenware; white fired

  • 2004GHL257

    Beardman jar, fragment · Stoneware; grey fired

  • 2004GHL258

    Bottle, fragment · Light green glass

  • 2004GHL259

    Bowl, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL260

    Chinese jar, fragment · Porcelain

  • 2004GHL261

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL262

    Pot, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL263

    Bottle, fragment · Green glass

  • 2004GHL264

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL265

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL266

    Smoking pipe, fragment · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL267

    Nail?, fragment · Unidentified; non-ferous

  • 2004GHL268

    Medicine jar · Earthenware

  • 2004GHL269

    Unidentified, fragment · Earthenware

References & publications

  • Devendra, S., Muthucumarana, R. (2015) “Maritime Archaeology in Sri Lanka: Twenty Five Years Old and a New Beginning”, In Tripati, S. (ed) The Shipwreck around the World; Revelations of the Past. New Delhi, Delta Book World, (pg 381-424).
  • Devendra, S. (2006) Maritime Archaeology in a Developing Nation: the Case of Sri Lanka. In Prott, L.V. (ed.) Finishing the Interrupted Voyage: Papers of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Workshop, Leicester: Institute of Art and Law, pp. 34-50.
  • Green, J., Devendra, S. (eds) (1993) Maritime Archaeology of Sri Lanka – The Galle Harbour Project – 1992. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Post Graduate Institute of Archaeology.
  • Parthesius, R., Miller, K., Devendra, S., Green, J. (eds) (2003) Avondster Project Report 2001-2002. The Netherlands: Amsterdam Historical Museum.
  • Parthesius, R., Miller, K., Jeffery, B. (2005) Preliminary Report on the Excavation of the 17th-Century Anglo-Dutch East-Indiaman Avondster in Bay of Galle, Sri Lanka. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 34(2), pp 216-237.
  • Parthesius R.(ed), (2007) Avondster Project: Excavation report of the VOC Ship Avondster, Centre for International heritage Activities, the Netherlands.
  • සමන් ගාමිණී කේ.වයි (2010) බිඳෙන් බිඳ එකලස් කළ ඇවොන්ඩ්ස්ටර් මැටි බරණිය, දළනිඳු, විද්‍යුත් පුවත් සරණිය, වෙලුම 02, කාණ්ඩය 03, ජූලි 2010, මුහුදු පුරාවිද්‍යා ඒකකය, මධ්‍යම සංස්කෘතික අරමුදල
  • Maritime Archaeology in Sri Lanka: Twenty five years old and a new beginning, in SHIPWRECK AROUND THE WORLD : Revelations of the Past (2015)
  • Physical protection of a 17th century VOC shipwreck in Sri Lanka (2004)
  • Maritime Archaeology and Sri Lanka: Globalization, Immigration, and Transformation in the Underwater Archaeological Record (2013)

Record provenance

Recorded
1993-01-01
Last updated
2021-05-21
Biodiversity survey
Incomplete

Data: National Shipwreck Database / CCF–MAU